مدونة عبدالله الشهراني

  Excerpt from Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition , (pgs. 20-22) by Stephen D Krashen; retrieved September 3, 2015 from http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/books/principles_and_practice.pdf The Affective Filter hypothesis states how affective factors relate to the second language acquisition process. The concept of an Affective Filter was proposed by Dulay and Burt (1977), and is consistent with the theoretical work done in the area of affective variables and second language acquisition, as well as the hypotheses previously covered in this chapter. Reasearch over the last decade has confirmed that a variety of affective variables relate to success in second language acquisition (reviewed in Krashen, 1981). Most of those studied can be placed into one of these three categories: (1) Motivation . Performers with high motivation generally do better in second language acquisition (usually, but not always, "integrative" (2) Self-confidence . Pe...

  Excerpt from Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition , pg. 10 by Stephen D Krashen; retrieved September 3, 2015 from http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/books/principles_and_practice.pdf THE ACQUISITION-LEARNING DISTINCTION The acquisition-learning distinction is perhaps the most fundamental of all the hypotheses to be presented here. It states that adults have two distinct and independent ways of developing competence in a second language. The first way is language acquisition , a process similar, if not identical to the way children develop ability in their first language. Language acquisition is a subconscious process; language acquirers are not usually aware of the fact that they are acquiring language, but are only aware of the fact that they are using the language for communication. The result of language acquisition, acquired competence, is also subconscious. We are generally not consciously aware of the rules of the languages we have acquired. Inste...